In our culture, the body's bottom and its functions are a topic that is not a common debate in a decent society.Therefore, diseases that affect these body parts cause suffering not only to physical, but also psychological properties.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - not as rare as we would like;At least 10-15% of the entire adult population of the country is subject to it.The most common people from 30 to 50 years suffer from hemorrhoids, and men are four times more often than women.Alas, far from all patients, feeling the signs of the disease that began, go to the doctor.A fake embarrassment prevents many, rather self-confident, which only worsens their position.But hemorrhoids, like other diseases, are easiest to treat in early stages.
What are hemorrhoids and causes of its phenomenon
The final part of the digestive tract, the last segment of the colon is called the rectum;It starts somewhere at the level of the third sacral vertebrae and ends with the anus.Its blood supply provide five arteries (one of them, nepar, is called hemorrhoidal), and the drain of blood exerts wide veins of veins located in a submukose layer of the rectum.In the lower part of the rectum or is the iron zone under the mucous membrane of cavernous, or cavernous, body, broken by the nettles of the smallest veins.Normally, the walls of these vessels should support the connective tissue, but the blood flow is increasing, and the outflow is disturbed, and then the walls of the vessel sweep and fill the whole cavity and sometimes even appear through the anus.Hemorrhoids are the same blood swollen and protruding cavernous bodies.Sometimes hemorrhoid phenomena causes mechanical causes when influenced by some factors, the muscular fibers of the longitudinal muscle rectum stretched and light, which causes the displacement of hemorrhoid nodes in the anus and their loss from it.The number of nodes in patients is very different - from one to several, which can fill the entire anal region.Their dimensions are also very different - 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the exact causes of the phenomenon and development of hemorrhoids have not yet been detected, the following factors are believed to contribute to it:
- Sedentary lifestyle.People are especially susceptible to the development of hemorrhoids, long time to be in seven or standing positions for a long time.When a person sits longer or standing, stagnation of blood appear in the pelvic organs, which can disrupt the outflow of blood through veins.
- Physical work.However, physical activity is not a panacea;People who work in areas in which it needs extended and constantly difficult physical working hours suffer from hemorrhoids.
- Complications for defecation- Be diarrhea or chronic prison.Both of these countries cause an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity, which in turn leads to increasing hemorrhoid nodes and their loss.
- Irregular nutrition.Increased use of alcohol, spicy food causes arterial inflow of the cavalous bodies of the rectum, which contributes to their expansion.Food, poor in fiber, causes prison and abundance of greasy food - diarrhea.
- Hypothermia or overheating a pelvic area.Both of these conditions worsen blood circulation and contributions to stagnation of blood in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, childbirth.In this state of women, the pressure increases the pressure in the abdominal area, and the outflow of blood through veins can be disturbed.As a result, hemorrhoids can be formed.
- Obesity.Especially the occurrence of hemorrhoids is subject to people whose fat is generally deposited in the abdomen.
- Some sex practicesincluding anal sex.
- Various diseases: liver diseases (with them, the venous drain of blood are reduced, the pressure increases in the veins, which contributes to the development of hemorrhoids);diseases of the body pelvis (bladder, prostate);Neops and / or inflammation in pelvis, intestines.
- Hereditary reasons: Functional lack of connective tissue, damaged nervous regulation of the tone of the venous wall, heart and blood vessel pathology.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids arise gradually and imperceptibly;The person does not experience special inconveniences, except for time to time after defecation can feel discomfort, pain, itching in the anus.Soft fabrics in the anus area can swell.The mucus can be released from the rectum, irritating anus and cause the sensation to ignite.Sometimes the patient has a feeling, as if a foreign body is in the back hole;After defecation, long pain are common.These phenomena have been improved by a violation of a diet or disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.But most often people seek doctors after discovering blood in feces, on toiletries or lower spears in the shape of small drops, stripes, or, in rare cases, with intense bloody.
However, the bleeding from the anus is not always associated with hemorrhoids (especially if the patient is older than 40 years old).Rectal bleeding can also appear in the following diseases:
- Anal crack
- Oncological diseases of the rectum
- Rectup loss
- Colitis, polyps, condyloma
The patient should pay attention to whether the appearance of bleeding is due to the change of intestinal behavior, the appearance of the chair of other color or consistency than usual.With such symptoms, contact the doctor immediately bleeding can occur in another place of the gastrointestinal tract.
How are hemorrhoids manifest
Hemorrhoids happenoutdoororinner.With external hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid nodes are expanded, formed from the lower venous plexus and are located directly on the anus.Since inflammation is not within the rectum, but outside, you can consider this area with your own eyes if desired.Bleeding in this form of hemorrhoids is practically absent, but patients are very worried about the pain in the rectal area.Exterior nodes are often inflamed, injured by rough bed linen and are more likely to cross in oncological formations.This type of hemorrhoids relatively rare - no more than 10% of the total number of patients do not suffer from them.
Inner hemorrhoid nodes are located in a co-oblique rectal layer, it is possible to see them with a bare view only in later stages of the disease, when the shell of cavernous bodies is so deformed to be paired through the anus.The main symptoms of internal hemorrhoids are the presence of blood in the feces (although it is most often storing, arterial, it is also possible that there is also dark vein blood with clots), pain during defecation.In the later stages of the disease, hemorrhoids fall from the anus;At first they were drawn in, but later patients need to do so manually.
There are also combined hemorrhoids, in which the cavarious bodies of the rectum and subcutaneous venous plexus of the Anal region are deformed.
Hemorrhoids happensharp(When his symptoms are rapidly developed, nodes inflammation, inflammation crosses to adjacent tissues, the patient suffers from pain; necrotic changes in nodes due to thrombosis andchronic.Then the disease lasts for a long time, months, even for years, while periodically worsening - bleeding comes, nodes are dropping, they stab and provide many inconveniences.During the remission period, provided that precautions are respected by practically does not feel discomfort.
Stages of disease development
Most cases of hemorrhoids are diagnosed in later phases - whether patients did not pay attention to symptoms, attributing them to other reasons, or for false shame, tightened the doctor's journey.There are four phases of hemorrhoids.
- First phase.The symptoms are impressively expressed, manifest only in special cases (for example, with intestinal disorders, after severe physical labor, long standing or sitting on the spot, food disorders, or hypothermia).Sometimes the patient feels discomfort during defecation, ignition and itching after him.At the examination, the doctor notes the presence of blood stagnation and stretching the walls of blood vessels.If hemorrhoids manage to diagnose at this stage, the treatment takes place quickly and without any problems.
- Second phase.Hemorrhoids increase size, their walls become thinner, small breaks can be formed on them, which leads to bleeding.In the patient, after a great physical effort, complicated defecation or hypothermia, blood traces can be observed in the feces, on toilet paper, or underwear, but the bleeding is very small and quickly passes.Hemorrhoids are slightly expanded and can fall from the anus after defecation, however, return alone.Their appearance is caused by increasing pressure in peritoneum with severe stress, whether physical work or strong cough.At this stage you can still resort to conservative treatment.
- Third phase.Anal sphincter undergo dystrophylic changes and weakens, as a result of falling hemorrhoid nodes can only be corrected only by hand.The patient is worried about the strong itch, bleeding is common and abundant.Conservative treatment is no longer possible.
- Fourth phase.The nodes are so increased that it could not be corrected.Anal hole muscles are very weakened, the tone of sphincter was reduced.For the loss of nodes, even the smallest physical activity is sufficient.Nodes themselves can take the form of a seal, light up;Inflammation can also affect nearby fabrics.
Complications with hemorrhoids
Fortunately, complications with hemorrhoids are not too often found.Although most of all, with the patient's hemorrhoids, the species scares blood, it does not expire so much that the danger is for life.However, with extended constant bleeding, the anami is possible.
The transmission flow from the anus causes itching and can lead to eczema.
With further development of the disease, when hemorrhoids have already moved to the third or fourth phase, the patient has received a lot of inconvenience manually reducing nodes.And they can already turn out not only after defecation, but with strong cough, sneezing, physical effort.
In rare cases, fell hemorrhoid nodes can kill the muscle anal sphincter, which causes strong pain.If nodes are not set, thrombosis can be developed.These are the most difficult possible complications for hemorrhoids, which requires emergency medical care.In this condition, hemorrhoid nodes swollen, accumulated, significantly increased in size, and the gnody infection in the patient's body is possible.Patients lose their appetite, their temperature is growing, they are sick.
Every disease becomes worse if it is not treated.This is not an exception of hemorrhoids - in the absence of treatment, progress, which can lead to irreversible changes in the rectal veins.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The reason for the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant women's greasy bodies of the rectum of the rectum, which increased in the size of the uterus, which causes the damaged outflow of blood, blood vessels and the creation of blood vessels.Also, the occurrence of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can cause prison when the excrement stretches the walls of the rectum and injure the cavernous bodies.As a rule, the last months of pregnancy, a woman is forced to lead the sedentary lifestyle, which also does not contribute to body healing.During childbirth, the muscles of the perineum are swollen, the cavernish bodies of the rectum stretch and injured.With strong stretching of the muscle of the perineum, the weakening of an anal sphincter is possible and, as a result, loss of nodes.
Often those who were born to women confuse the symptoms of hemorrhoids with the consequences of childbirth and do not see the doctor immediately, thus provoking the development of the disease.
What is the doctor to contact with doubt about hemorrhoids?
If a person is concerned about unpleasant sensations in the anus area, itching, as well as blood traces, you should contact a professionalist or cooperating a doctor.
Diagnosis of the disease
Typically, for diagnosing hemorrhoids, there is enough visual testing of the patient's body.At the same time, the patient or occupies the knee position or occupies the gynecological chair.The doctor examines the patient's anus, paying special attention to the state of the skin, the presence of hemorrhoid nodes, their values and positions.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may implement other studies:
- Rectum.The doctor examines the anal channel tissues, assesses the state of the rectum mucosa, as well as the surrounding bodies and tissues, determines the location of hemorrhoid nodes, their value and whether there is bleeding.True, the exact size of nodes cannot be set - when they feel, they, mostly are reduced in size.In this case, the patient may lie on his side, on his back, or stand on all four, and the doctor in gloves with his index finger examines the rectum inside.Already after the finger examination, the doctor can prescribe an anoscopy and spectoroscopy.
- Anoscopy.Along with an anoscopy, a special device that allows a doctor to examine the surface of the rectum for 10-15 cm in the back.Using an anoscope, the doctor determines where accurate cavernous bodies are affected, there are tumor forms and inflammatory diseases in the rectum.Anoscope is also used to make tests - biopsy and moves.This procedure is painless and practically no contraindications;The exception is the phase of deterioration of inflammatory diseases.Then the doctor recommends to remove inflammation first and only then perform the interrogation.
Although an anoscopy is a fairly simple procedure, it requires preliminary preparation.So nothing prevents the rectum examination, the patient should refrain from eating the night before, as do two germ cliques - half days before the time of the proceedings and the other - a few hours before him.It is also possible that the doctor will ask the patient to take on the laxative to Eve.
Also, exclude the risk of developing oncological pathology, the doctor can offer the patient to passSectoronoscopy- Examination of Sigmoids and rectum.With this examination, the doctor can examine the internal surface of the rectum up to 25 cm.If for some reason, it is impossible to perform stomoroscopy (say, the patient has pathological rectum disorders), they are performed insteadColonoscopy- When the internal area of the rectum examines the endoscope.
Thanks to this approach, the doctor can get a clear picture of the disease, in which stage and how it will develop.Along the way you can identify other diseases that affect the functioning of the body of the body located nearby.Often hemorrhoids are accompanied by diseases of anal part of the body and colon, caused by hemorrhoid bleeding.Sometimes there is also irritable hose syndrome.
How to treat hemorrhoids
After making diagnosis, the doctor decides which treatment for prescribing.But with all phases of hemorrhoids, from first to last, treatment is carried out that allows you to stop the symptom of disease - to reduce pain, stop bleeding.If hemorrhoids are the first or second phase, it is possible to cure when you use so-iscolved.Conservative treatment - that is, drug use that relieves pain, prevent complications and also contribute to the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.The best results are given shared use of medicines and external and internal use.
| Group | Scope | Method of application | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No -Shore-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics | Remove the inflammatory process, reduce swelling, anesthetise | Orally | |
| Venotonizing agents | Improve your blood vessels, reduce the vein extension, prevent thrombosis | Orally, outside | |
| Hemostatics | Stop bleeding | Verbally, in the form of injections | |
| Grease | Relieve spasm and inflammation, anesthetize | Outward | |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent hemorrhoid thrombosis | Injections | |
| Laxative | Normalize the chair | Orally | |
| Enemas | Normalize the chair | Outdoor | |
| Candles | Burder supply stimulation, analgesic, anti -inflamatory | Outdoor |
If positive changes have not been observed after a week or two, the second exam should pass the proctologist to offer a different treatment.
If the hemorrhoids of the second or third phase and it is impossible to cure with only drugs, so - coiled.Small -invasive methods - unlike operations, they are less traumatic for the patient, patients are spending less time in the hospital and are renewed faster.This includes:
- Infrared radiation.Using the infrared coagulator, the doctor operates on hemorrhoid nodes with a high temperature, chattering blood vessels.This operation does not require anesthesia (except in cases of high individual sensitivity of this area in the patient) and has low trauma.Coagulation can also be performed using laser beams.
- Sclerotherapy.The patient in hemorrhoid nodes introduces a special substance that left the walls of the vessel.Usually, the sclerotherapy does not introduce a substance in no more than two nodes so that the patient does not develop pain syndrome.The next session is held in two weeks.
- League (share) hemorrhoid with latex rings.This method is most commonly used to treat hemorrhoids in older patients who have complicating treatment of disease.At the same time, a small lately ring is applied to the base of the node, which gradually grip on the knot, leads to its necrosis and rejection.At the same time, bleeding does not appear, because the stump is blocked with a ring;After that, a healthy tissue is formed in its place.The procedure is almost painless, has a low trauma, and the ring can be quickly applied with an anoscope.
- Cryotherapy.In this method of treatment, the hemorrhoid node is exposed to low temperatures, once dissolved, the resulting wound heals with time, and the forms of connective tissue at the location of the node.The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
All minimum invasive treatment methods are used only in the absence of hemorrhoid worsening.If hemorrhoids entered the acute phase, above all it takes to mitigate inflammation and reduce bleeding.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
In the fourth phase of hemorrhoids, surgical treatment indicated.Operation (HemerhoidComy) is done as follows: the main groups of hemorrhoid nodes are subjected to excision, ligatures are applied to their foundations, the edges of the wounds are sewn.Although it sounds scary, surgery, although quite unpleasant, it is very effective and has the smallest number of relapses.However, after that, complications are possible: strong pain, bleeding, scars, anal channel deform, the strictness of the anus, wounds support, paraprocities.After the operation, it is necessary to observe the regime prescribed by the doctor - to reject the duration of physical activity and warm baths.
Hemorrhoid treatment at home
There are many folk drugs from hemorrhoids, but not everyone is effective, and some can be harmful.It is recommended to use only when approving doctors attending.
Chefocications of the HIGHLANDER KIREBER, the fruits of lowering and raspberry leaves will help reduce inflammation and normalization of the tonnes of blood vessels.You can also wash an area of anus and hemorrhoid nodes, especially after defection, plants decktion that have anti-inflammatory effect (calendula, Sv. John's Wort, Chamomile).You can also make warm baths with them up to 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Hemorrhoid prevention
The easiest way to avoid the occurrence or deterioration of hemorrhoids, it will eat properly so that the chair is soft, and there is no prison.This is followed by:
- There are high fiber food- Fruits, vegetables, cereal cereals.This softens the chair and increases its volume, which helps avoid growing pressure in the abdominal cavity.However, in small portions, it should be introduced into your diet so that they do not cause increased gas formation.Avoiding sharp dishes, spices and alcohol is recommended.
- Drink a lot of fluid.It is recommended to drink with six to eight glasses of water or other liquids per day (alcohol is not included here) so that the chair is softer and does not injure the walls of the rectum.
- Add medications that contain a diet on a diet.Most people do not receive enough fiber daily (25 g are recommended for women, for men - 38 g).Some food supplements can improve the patient's general condition with developed hemorrhoids.But don't forget that by introducing additives with high fiber nutrition content in a diet, water consumption or other liquids (not alcohol) per day or more need to increase.Otherwise I can cause prison.
- Not strain during defecation.Excessive tension and maintenance of respiration when attempting to mitigate high pressure in the veins of the rectum.
- Visit the toilet in a timely manner.If the person for some reason removes defecation, the chair can become dry and will be harder to remove it from the body.However, you should not be included in laxatives - with constant use, they can irritate the anal region and even contribute to the development of inflammatory processes in the rectum.
- Practice.It is recommended to exercise or engage in any other physical activity - it will improve the condition of the vascular body system, improve blood flow and reduce the pressure on the veins.With sitting or constant work, it is advisable to take a short break every few hours, walk, stretch, make a few exercises.
- Avoid long periods of real estate.For too long, sitting or standing can increase the pressure on the veins in the recto region.