Hemorrhoids

7 May 2025

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the rectum of hemorrhoid veins. Inflammation from the hemorrhoid node is characterized by thrombosis, change in shape and pathological spread of hemorrhoid veins, forming nodes around the rectum.

According to statistics, about 25% of people suffer from hemorrhoids, which occasionally worsen them. And more than 70% of people at least occasionally perceive various symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as discomfort in the anus area, itchy and pain during defecation.

Hemorrhoids in women often happen during pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated with very gentle methods, because the pregnant woman is not recommended to take some drugs for hemorrhoids prescribed in the usual order. Hemorrhoids in men are also a fairly common occurrence caused by a series of other causes and factors that will be discussed more.

What are the causes of hemorrhoids?

It is generally accepted that hemorrhoids develop due to increased blood flow or its insufficient outflow, leading to stagnant processes. Causes and factors of hemorrhoid development are:

Hereditary predisposition for hemorrhoids. This is the main factor from the occurrence of hemorrhoids, which must be said in the first place. And although hemorrhoids are inherited, the predispositions for this disease can be determined by genetic factors. The inheritance of certain groups of genes leads to innocent weakness or vascular dysfunction found in the rectum. This is the cause of improved flow and insufficient blood drain through cavernous veins, leading to the pathological spread of the latter. The long-term expansion of cavernous veins leads to thinning the walls of blood vessels, which contributes to the emergence of hemorrhoid beration.
Long standing work and weight lifting. As well as sitting lifestyle, physical overload also contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. First of all, this refers to people who are forced to stay in a standing position. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Swiss, guards, hairdressers and others. Lifting height is another reason for the development of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid loss.
Sedentary lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor, which mainly refers to office workers, drivers and persons, leading a sitting lifestyle. The sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First of all, it is increased pressure on the rectum containers in a seated position. With a long-lasting seat, the anus area is a little warming, which leads to stagnant occurrences and vascular expansion. In addition, the lack of physical effort is a true way to the development of venous insufficiency. Including to relate to veins located in the rectum.
Chronic prison and diarrhea. People who suffer from chronic closed are predisposed to the development of hemorrhoids. Why is this happening? The thing is to fasten with prison, feces, putting pressure on veins in a lower intestine. This leads to deterioration in the blood of the cavernous and phenomenon of hemorrhoids. An additional factor in prison is a habit of powerful push during defecation, which creates additional pressure on the rectum boats.

Like prison, contributions to the development of hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea), leading to irritation and inflammation of the rectum mucosa.

Pregnancy. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth are common, as the fetal bearing creates pressure on the Venous Vessels of the Rectum. And tense attempts during childbirth worsens only the flow of hemorrhoids and contribute to the formation of new hemorrhoid knots.
Incorrect nutrition, abuse of spicy food and alcohol. A significant factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids is malnutrition. In particular, abuse of spicy food leads to the irritation of the intestinal mucosa, and prompted and increased blood flow on the rectum. And insufficient use of fibers (vegetable food) worsen intestinal mobility. The provocious factor in the development of hemorrhoids is alcohol that expands vessels. Reception of alcoholic beverages, even in a small amount, can cause deterioration of chronic hemorrhoids.

Main factors that contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

Obesity.
Hereditary predisposition.
The sedentary lifestyle (hypodynamy) or work associated with low motorcycle activity.
Activities associated with excessive muscle tension (high physical activity).
Stress.
Breach of blood cast in the rectum.
Frequent prison.
Inflammatory and tumor processes in the intestines and liver.
Infection.
Smoking.

Internal and outdoor

At the point of the occurrence of hemorrhoid nodes, the disease is divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external.

With external hemorrhoids, nodes are formed in the immediate vicinity of the anus, in this regard, their sensitive surface is often broken and bleeding bright storage blood. The pain in external hemorrhoids is quite sharp and strong, but in terms of independent diagnosis, this type is not difficulty.

Internal type of hemorrhoids, although carries a much more serious health threat, is often characterized by a complete lack of pain (especially in the initial phase of the disease). This fact explains the fact that hemorrhoid nodes are located deep inside, and their surface is the same rectile mucosa rectum, which makes it.

Degree

They usually distinguish 3 degrees of internal hemorrhoids:

1. degree. Hemorrhoids are found in the anal channel, may not be felt (even with a rectal study). Complaints on inflammation of the anus and bleeding ", twitching" pain after defecation.
2. degree. Nodes protrude from the anus when straining and disappear independently. In principle, the same disorders are noticed here as with first-degree hemorrhoids, however, small ruptures of mucosa more often, and the inflammation of the anus is stronger.
3. degree. It is characterized by - the loss of hemorrhoid nodes, who do not recover independently. Symptoms can be the same as in 2-, but often phenal and gases develop additional. When they examine hemorrhoids, it is characterized by the fall of the anus along the gleaming grooves, cyanotic coloring and tuberous surface.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Chemorrhoid signs characteristic of all phases of disease development:

discomfort in the anus;
pain during defecation (on first insignificant, then strong);
bleeding from the anus;
The formation and growth of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are chronic pathology that advances for many years. The disease development rate depends on many factors, including nutrition, lifestyle.

For the initial phaseDiseases characterize a slight increase in veins in the anus. Usually such a sign remains unnoticed. In this case, the patient may disrupt blood-discharged from the rectum that occurs immediately after defecation. Blood can be easily seen on toiletries. It is worth remembering that it is similar to a symptom characteristic of malware intestinal tumors, so when it appears, you should consult a procession. Timely seeking a doctor and appointing therapy will easily slow down the development of hemorrhoids.

In the second phaseThe development of the patient's disease may occasionally experience discomfort in the anus, itching. He often has a sensation of a foreign body in the anus. Hemorrhoids begin to fall out during defecation and are still easily adjusted inwards.

For the third phaseHemorrhoids are characterized by an increase in existing functions. Large veic nodes in the anus make it difficult to empty intestinal discharge, become the cause of constipation, the act of the defecation itself monitors pain and bleeding. Strong hemorrhoid bleeding is dangerous, over time can lead to the development of anemia.

For the last phaseDiseases are characterized by increasing the size of hemorrhoids. Cannot be corrected with hand. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes strong discomfort, patient's pain, go to the toilet. He is worried about abundant bleeding during each defecation. The fourth phase of hemorrhoid development can be complicated as uncomfortable and hazardous phenomena as thrombosis of veins at the end of the rectum.

Hemorrhoids in pregnant women

Very often hemorrhoids appear during the last quarter of pregnancy and childbirth. The causes of hemorrhoids are piercing the increased cervical veins, which leads to deterioration in the flow of blood from the hoses and from the perineum. Vienna is increasing in diameter and changing shape. The periodic prison in pregnant women can also cause its appearance.

However, in most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids pass the postpartum period, so the causes can be hormonal changes. It must be treated immediately after the first of its symptoms. It is important to deal with constipation, for example, taking drugs to mitigate chairs (FORLAX, laminarid, methyl -velose), follow the hygienic rules (washing the anus after defecation). Hemorrhoids (aurobin, relief, etc. ) are used mainly from outside in the form of fat and candle. The surgical intervention is only done in difficult cases.

Hemorrhoid prevention should be carried out from the first days of pregnancy - make a competent diet to prevent prison, not wear tight seats, spend more time in fresh air, and walks fresh air and walks.

What is the danger?

Preparing a disease without proper treatment will lead to a series of very unpleasant complications.

Complications of hemorrhoids:

Anemia (develops a debt during disease with abundant bleeding).
Inflammatory processes in the surrounding tissues, to the development of parapoxetis (inflammation of the fiber around the rectum). Paraproproctatis is considered a very serious complication that requires serious treatment.
The flip of the anus. The most common cause of strong pain in hemorrhoids. Cracks create favorable conditions for developing and penetrating different infections deep into soft tissues. This fact can lead to the development of review complications as an abscess (limited pure inflammation, which is accompanied by general discomfort, temperature and strong pain). This complication needs mandatory surgical intervention.
Itching. A very unpleasant complication that acts not only as a strong negative psychological moment, understating the psycho-democratic state of the patient. The constant mechanical irritation of the anal area can significantly exacerbate the process flow process. In addition, the constant damage to the tissue increases the risk of developing various tumor processes.
Anal sphincter insufficiency, gas incontinence and feces (often in older people).

It follows that hemorrhoids need an early diagnosis and take current measures to solve this problem.

What hemorrhoids do they look: a photo

Diagnostics

As a rule, the diagnosis is not associated with special difficulties, the diagnosis occurs as part of the patient survey and the initial clinic. Inspection helps to determine:

degree of loss from the anus of nodes,
Evaluate the possibility of turning back,
Skin condition,
as well as the relevance and degree of bleeding.

Symptoms for hemorrhoids are similar to some other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be careful because there is a risk of prescribed misrepresentation. Hemorrhoids can be confused with:

Anal crack, which is accompanied by light bleeding, pain during defecation;
Rectum cancer (malignant intestinal tumors occur with bleeding);
Rectup loss;
Colitis, polyps and condylomas.

If you notice the first signs of the disease in yourself, don't treat the travel doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis will facilitate treatment and avoidance assistance not only complications, but also surgical interventions.

How to treat hemorrhoids?

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids:

Be sure to normalize intestinal discharge. The chair should be regular, soft. To normalize chair with hemorrhoids, food is recommended with the content of nutritional fibers, including a wheat dam, but their number should gradually increase within 2-3 weeks. (From 5-10 g to 20 g daily), which excludes the appearance of discomfort.
In addition to prison, you can recommend up to 30-40 ml per day to achieve daily soft stools and other funds, follow your diet and prison recommendations.

The treatment uses local medications: rectal candles from hemorrhoids and fats.

With pain, candles that contain small doses of narcotics (for example, belladonna, etc. ) help. You can rewrite candles, sodium alginate, ichthyol, depending on the symptoms and stages of the disease.
If there is no bleeding, you can prescribe the suppositorium or fat phenilephrine hydrochloride, etc. But all medications are prescribed in any case, so that only the proctologist can prescribe the correct treatment after the patient's examination.
With the pain, in addition to the candle, cold lotions can be used, but not more than 30 seconds.
To increase local medications, oral products need to be taken that improve the tone of venous vessels and prevent thrombosis: dioommin, troxerutin.
Luti hemorrhoid nodes (prolapse) are the basis for their dressing. When the thrombosis of hemorrhoid veins, cold and lidocaine hydrochloride (1% solution) locally used, and a further bandage is possible.
With relapse, despite the treatment, the hemorrhoid -extemy is recommended.

Methods of treatment medications are exclusively symptomatic - that is, hemorrhoids do not radially treat hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily deal with unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. If the patient after drug treatment is in accordance with medical recommendations for relapse prevention, surgical treatment can be avoided.

But not always patients can follow all recommendations.

Small -invasive methods

The minimum invasive treatment allows you to quickly and without serious injuries to solve such sensitive problems as hemorrhoids. Therapeutic methods in most cases dampen the symptoms of the disease, delay the moment when it is necessary to use more radical methods. Before appointing a certain procedure, the doctor studies the patient's history, carries out a comprehensive exam, evaluation of all possible risks.

Sclerotherapy- This is a low-traumatic treatment by special sclerosing substances that are inserted inside the node, paste its walls, so it is possible to achieve the termination of their diet and death in the future. The technique is only done at 1-3 phase. It does not exclude the risk of relapse disease and is only efficient with small hemorrhoids.
Electrical agulatingIt is performed under an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an an ancient. The electrode is leading to feet nodes, and the fabric is coagulated (welded), after which they quickly leave. In one procedure, it is possible to solve 1-2 pathological foci. After gluing, the hemorrhoid node stops eating and growing, and after a while completely disappears.
League with latex rings- Is the most modern methods of minimal invasive treatment with internal hemorrhoids of 1-3 phases. LaGatura Ligature is applied through an anoscope to the leg of the knot, leading to tissue grip and blood circulation violations in them. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoid node dies and removed with latex ring.
Cryotherapy- Short-year effect on hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. After that, the hemorrhoid node dies and disappears. The procedure takes place under local anesthesia, so there are no painful sensations.

Small invasive procedures are contraindicated in:

deteriorating inflammatory process in rectum and anus;
anal cracks, injuries;
thrombosis of hemorrhoids.

Small invasive fagut-fighting methods can only be used at 1-3 phases of the disease, necessarily worsening the inflammatory process. All proceedings are carried out after local anesthesia. No need to use general anesthesia. Only 1-3 knots can be removed on a single session. Sometimes treatment takes place in several phases, from the interval in a few weeks.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment for the third and fourth phases.

Hemorrhoid removal operation, proposed in the 30s in the last century, is still applied and remains changing. In the world, two types of operations are mainly performed:

Closed hemorroidctomy. Log in to III and IV stages of the disease.
Hemoroidkymy open. Also in the list III and IV, but complicated with anal cracks or paraprocititis.

Also 1993. A new way of treating hemorrhoids was proposed, It was made by Italian doctor A. Long, which consists of a circular removal of the mucosa and the rectum output layer using a special apparatus.

Patients are discharged 3-4 days after surgery, the renewal of disability occurs for 5-7 days. A small percentage of postoperative complications was also observed.

Power and diet after surgery

In most cases, patients, after hemorrhoid operation, may start drinking and eating a few hours after surgery.

But to watch the food table (according to Pevzer 1a), turn off products and dishes that excite the stomach excretion and irritate his mucosa. Food must be cooked in a shaped form, cooking for steam or cooked on water, it is necessary to take liquid and goggle. Exceptional: hot and cold, bread and flour products, raw vegetables, cheese, dairy, sour cream, cottage, spices, sauces, coffee, tea.

Eat 6 times a day in small portions. Reconstruction of normal bowel operation is usually happening another day after surgery, therefore, can continue with the usual diet. But, of course, all sharp and spicy dishes should be excluded, alcohol should also be forgotten. Adhering to these recommendations, you can reduce recovery time after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.

Home treatment

You can independently perform some measures that will help mitigate the symptoms of hemorrhoids at home. However, it is worth remembering that it will not help to get rid of the diseases:

The warm baths help well. You can bathe or just sit in the water catchment. It is necessary to put the surface of the anus in hot water 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day.
Basic hygiene of anal areas. It is necessary to take a bath or shower daily, wash the anus area thoroughly.
Do not use soap in the anus and other means that can cause irritation. Avoid using flavored wet wipes, which includes alcohol.
Do not use ordinary toilet paper. It is better to use wet wipes, but without alcohol.
Use cold. To remove edema in the anus, you can use cold heating pads, ice packets, fabric moistened in cold water.

In addition, diet with hemorrhoids has two goals: to prevent prison and irritation in the rectum. Main recommendations:

Drink enough fluid. This will help the chair softer, facilitates his passage through the guts.
Your diet should contain more vegetables, fruits, cereals. They contain plant fiber, which helps prevent closure.
Alcohol, coffee, strong tea should be avoided.
Limit sharp meals, spices.
It is better to take food in small portions, 4-5 times a day.
Eat about at the same time.
Physical activity also helps in the normalization of the intestinal act.

Gymnastics

Gymnastic exercises are aimed at preventing the closure and strengthening anal sphincter. For example, improving the outflow of blood and strengthening the muscle layer of the press, you can normalize the work of the hoses, which and prevent prison:

The "scissor" exercise is performed on the back with legs raised, which should be diluted and crossed alternately;
"Bicycle" is a fairly familiar exercise that is very reminiscent of cycling, however, lies on the back;
And you can lie on the floor (at the back), place your legs equal, lift one or another leg, if possible, reach the right angle in the hip joints. Or bend your legs in your knees and spread to the sides, while trying to demolish the pool from the floor as much as possible.

So, the person is arranged that in any position he feels his "fifth point" and can lead it, so the gymnastics for strengthening the anus does not require any devices and can be performed anywhere, and they are unlikely to notice.

So, exercises to strengthen the sphincter:

Get up, cross your legs and make rhythmic relaxations and tensions of glutel muscles;
Choose the hardest chair, sit down a bit (you can easily do on your desktop), try to reduce and relax the sphincter in return, trying to push the anus into the rectum. You should be 20 minutes to exercise, which, if desired, you can always find.

Prevention

The best tool against hemorrhoids is prevention. There are predisposition factors leading to disease development:

irregular chair, a tendency of closure or diarrhea, habits of gauge during defecation or long time for seating in a book with a book;
Hard physical work and, vice versa, lack of movement, long-term stay in a seated position;
Pregnancy and childbirth;
Alcohol abuse.

This means that the correction of life style will help mitigate the flow of illness.

It is recommended to reconsider the diet: to leave simple carbohydrates (pastries, sweets) in favor of the complex (vegetables, fruits, greenery, grain bread), instead of tea and coffee, will be played in the normalization of the chair.
Avoid alcohol, including beer.
With hemorrhoids, we are unwanted by riding, heavy athletics, cycling sports, but walking or swimming is simply necessary.
It is useful to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal press and buttocks, to do gymnastics in Kegel.
Long sitting on the toilet is a bad habit. But to use after visiting a toilet bidet or an ascending washing shower, on the contrary, very useful.

If in spite of all prevention measures of deterioration cannot be avoided, no panic required. It is advisable to change the sitting position to a lie, apply the cool compresses to the onto the sore location, moistened in the weak potassium permanganate solution, or deploy chamomile baths (do not forget the diet and personal hygiene.